Chad. N'Djamena. Didangali district on the southern outskirts of the capital. Aerial view of one of the areas most affected by the flood. Didangali district was one of the hardest hit districts. It is located about one km as the crow flies from Cameroon and a few hundred meters from the Chari river which marks its natural border. All the people of this area now live in Didangali and Ngueli IDP camps. Ngueli IDP camp is the most crowded camp. Chad is the most vulnerable country in the world to the effects of climate change and that the effects of these floods are amplified by land degradation and uncontrolled urbanization. According to data collected by the IRD (Institut de Recherche pour le développement), the University of N'Djamena and the Directorate of Water Resources of the Ministry of Urban and Rural Hydraulics of Chad, the level of the Chari River in N'Djamena has reached a peak of 8.14 meters on November 13, then a slow decline of one centimeter per day was observed.

Chad. N'Djamena. Mielizi IDP Camp. Kalteuma Golzula, 36 years, at the entrance to her tent. Behind her the other tents of other families attached to each other. Kalteuma, every now and then tries to raise some money by going around asking for financial help. With the little money he manages to make, he mainly buys rice. The economic conditions of her family, with her blind husband and 8 children, have drastically worsened since the flood destroyed their home. Before the flood, the main economic income that allowed them to live with dignity came from the part of the house they rented.

Chad. N'Djamena. Mielizi IDP camp. A woman is crossing a small stream of water on her way to the latrine area. About 7,000 people are staying in the Mielizi camp. There is an estimated latrine for about 70 people. The largest ever flood of the Chari River has created more than two hundred thousand displaced people who suddenly found themselves without a home and agricultural land. All the displaced have sought refuge in the actual IDP camps on the outskirts of N'Djamena. There are currently 6 IDP camps.

Chad. N'Djamena. Ngueli IDP camp. A girl inside her tent tries to rest during the afternoon. Sharing the tent with family members and infants does not allow for a good night's sleep. Chad is one of the least developed countries in the world and to make the situation of the country even more complicated there is an important situation of food insecurity, corruption and having to deal with climate change and the extremism of Boko Haram.

Chad. N'Djamena. A teenager washes his clothes in a lake created by the flood just outside Karkanjeri IDP camp. Since there is no running water inside the camp, nor even a laundry area, people are forced to go to the flooded area to wash their clothes and heself. In late October 2022, the country of Chad experienced one of its worst floods ever with one million people affected across the country, hundreds of homes destroyed, and extensive damage to croplands and livelihoods. The floods, caused by heavy rains in southern and central areas, have affected 18 of the country's 23 provinces. According to data collected by the IRD (Institut de Recherche pour le développement), the University of N'Djamena and the Directorate of Water Resources of the Ministry of Urban and Rural Hydraulics of Chad, the level of the Chari River in N'Djamena has reached a peak of 8.14 meters on 13 November. The affected people suddenly became "climate" displaced, finding themselves left with nothing and catapulted into IDP camps scattered throughout the various districts of the capital.

Chad. Kawaye Area. Kawaye is an area in Ngeli district. A boy and a girl cross the flooded area to reach their village. Kawaye is one of the closest points to Cameroon and one of the hardest hit areas. The houses were almost all destroyed. The mud has covered roads and crops, changing the geography of the area.

Chad. N'Djamena. Mielizi camp. In front of the Mielizi IDP camp, a man tries to catch fish for the family using a hand net. The military police, for safety reasons, has forbidden boat fishing in the watercourses close to the camps, forcing the men to try to fish near the shore, with poor results most of the time. In Chad, fish is the main sustenance for people living along the waterways. Many men have invested their savings to buy a boat to become fishermen. Being a fisherman guarantees food for your family and also allows you to sell it.

Chad. N'Djamena. Along the Chari River, a few meters from the Mielizi IDP camp, 25-year-old Soria Sana with her 1-year-old daughter Ahmad on her shoulders washes the pots she uses for cooking. A few pots and some clothes are the only things she was able to bring with her when due to the flood she had to leave her house which was destroyed to reach the camp. She used to have a home and the possibility of washing clothes and pans in her kitchen. She now she is forced to do it on the banks of the river. In late October 2022, the country of Chad experienced one of its worst floods ever with one million people affected across the country, hundreds of homes destroyed, and extensive damage to croplands and livelihoods.

Chad. N'Jdamena. Mbaye Gougoum Benson, 20 years of professional bricklayer, preparing the bricks with which houses are built in the peripheral districts of N'Djamena. The bricks are made of mud and straw which is harvested from the scrub that grows along the banks of the River Chari. Even the brick factories are mainly located near the river because it is easier to find water to mix the earth and the straw. 100 bricks cost 1,500 Chadian dollars (about 2.50 Euros). About 1,000 bricks are needed to build an average-sized room. An average salary in Chad is around 260 Euros. Mbaye lives near Didangali district. His house was not affected by the flood.

Chad. N'Djamena. Gozotor Hospital. The pediatric intensive care unit. A pink blanket covers the body of a baby girl 4 mounths old, who died a few moments before from malnutrition. Behind a family member, free a chair to make room for the baby's mother. The team of doctors tried everything to save the little girl but complications from malnutrition made all efforts in vain. In Chad, the leading cause of infant mortality is linked to malnutrition followed by malaria. The latest data report that 13.5% of the population suffers from global acute malnutrition of which 4% is severe. The chronic malnutrition rate is 31.9%. The great flood of October 24, which affected the capital N'Djamena, increased the cases of malaria and malnutrition problems especially among infants and children.

Chad. N'Djamena. Mielizi IDP Camp. Mahamat Bichera, 43 years with his wife Kalteuma, nursing their 12-month-old son Mahamat. Mahamat who has been blind for almost 6 years and Kalteuma have 8 children and arrived at the camp by taking a civilian boat and paying the relative ticket. They have not been able to bring many things with them but only the essentials; some blankets and some clothes. Mahamat began to suffer from vision problems about 6 years ago when he worked for a French company on a regular contract. He was fired without any compensation and this plunged him into a depression. Before the flood, Kaltheuma and Bichera rented out part of their house as well as growing rice on a small piece of land. The earnings allowed them to have food and to send their children to school. Today they cannot afford to send their children to school. The flood took everything away from him. The affected people suddenly became "climate" displaced, finding themselves left with nothing and catapulted into IDP camps scattered throughout the various districts of the capital.

Chad. N'Djamena. Inside a tent in Guilmey IDP camp, Djidda, 38, came out to call her children. Djidda is one of the 200,000 internally displaced persons who created the flood of the Chari river near the capital N'Djamena and close to the border with Cameroon. The flood destroyed almost all the houses in the affected areas and destroyed the cultivated fields. People suddenly found themselves with nothing and moved into an IDP camp made up mainly of tents created with sheets or towels and made directly by the displaced people. In late October 2022, the country of Chad experienced one of its worst floods ever with one million people affected across the country, hundreds of homes destroyed, and extensive damage to croplands and livelihoods. The floods, caused by heavy rains in southern and central areas, have affected 18 of the country's 23 provinces and floodwaters have engulfed more than 465,000 hectares of fields and 19,000 head of livestock.

Chad. N'Djamena. Mielizi IDP camp. Zara 13 years old came with her family from Cameroon after the floods of October 24th destroyed her friendship. She shares the tent with other women and spends her time hoping for a better future where she can return to Cameron and stay in a new home.

Chad. N'Djamena. Ngueli IDP camp. Aerial view of Ngueli. Statistics report that around 7,500 people currently live in this camp. Chad. N'Djamena. Ngueli IDP camp. Aerial view of Ngueli. Statistics report that around 7,500 people currently live in this camp. In late October 2022, the country of Chad experienced one of its worst floods ever with one million people affected across the country, hundreds of homes destroyed, and extensive damage to croplands and livelihoods. The floods, caused by heavy rains in southern and central areas, have affected 18 of the country's 23 provinces and floodwaters have engulfed more than 465,000 hectares of fields and 19,000 head of livestock. The United Nations says 5.5 million Chadians are in need of "emergency humanitarian aid," while the World Bank says 42 percent of the country's 16 million population live in poverty.

Chad. N'Djamena. Ngueli IDP camp. Abdul Wafar Dumar, 35 years old trying to enter his tent, helped by his friend Souleymane. Abdul has been living in a wheelchair for several years due to a nervous system problem that has prevented him from using his legs. With the flood, his life got a lot worse. Before him despite his already difficult conditions, he had a house with his own room and a bathroom structured for his condition. Today he lives in Ngueli's camp, one of the largest and most crowded inside a small tent, without a mattress or place to sit other than his own wheelchair. For his condition, no type of support from the government is foreseen. The United Nations says 5.5 million Chadians are in need of "emergency humanitarian aid," while the World Bank says 42 percent of the country's 16 million population live in poverty.

Chad. N'Djamena. Didangali IDP camp. A newborn born after 4 hours inside his tent. Her mother Nenenodji Caroline of 28 years still has not decided the name of her that she will give him. Nenenodji gave birth in the nearby clinic run by the Republic of Malta. Immediately after giving birth she was discharged and returned to her tent. Her house was destroyed by the flood and now she is forced to live in a tent together with her sister and her mother.

Chad. N'Djamena. Walia Hajarai IDP camp. Rasim Silvì 32 years old inside his tent in the area used for sleeping. Walia's wish is to be able to go back to living in a house one day and be able to guarantee her children a future.

Chad. N'Djamena. Kawaye in the Ngueli district. One of the many rice fields for family use destroyed by the flood.

Chad. N'Djamena. Mielizi IDP camp. Kati Abati, 30, doing 20-year-old Fidtma's hair. Both arrived in the camp from Cameron in a small boat. Kati is a hairdresser but the flood destroyed both her house and her shop and she found herself forced to take refuge in Chad because here there was the possibility of staying in a field. She would like to return to Cameron as soon as possible but she doesn't know how to do it because at the moment she has nothing left.

Chad. N'Djamena. Karkanjeri IDP camp. A family sitting in front of their tent in Karkanjeri camp. The field was located in an area on the outskirts of the capital and a few hundred meters from one of the flooded areas. In this area there are unsafe and abandoned structures where some families have positioned their tents to seek greater refuge, especially for the night where the temperatures drop a lot and thus suffer less from the cold. The country of Chad is one of the African countries that has suffered and is suffering the most from the consequences of climate change. First the great crisis of Lake Chad and now the great floods together with desertification, are making this country one of the countries with the greatest problems related to climate change. Chad is one of the countries with the highest poverty rate in the world. According to the Human Development Index it is ranked 187th – out of 189 countries.

Fatima, 26, takes care of her one-year-old daughter Karim who is ill with malaria. Fatima and her daughter live in the capital N'Djamena. Fifteen days before her Fatima had already taken her daughter to the hospital again for malaria. They stayed in the hospital for two days. Once back home, the treatment didn't have the desired effect and Karim had a relapse and was taken back to the hospital. Pharmacological treatments are not always able to resolve the disease in a short time.Among the different forms of malaria there is the relapsing one. This is the case in which the person can manifest the disease again as Plasmodium vivax - the most widespread plasmodium in Africa - is capable of hiding in the liver and returning to the circulation after some time. Children are particularly at risk for this type of disease. The treatments do not eliminate the infection caused by the parasitic microorganism but make it harmless. Globally, malaria deaths rose to around 600,000 in 2021. The proportion of total malaria deaths among children under the age of 5 is around 67%.

Chad. N'Djamena. Gozotor Hospital. A health worker during a break towards the end of her work shift in the pediatric ward in the first check-up area.

Chad. En route to reach Didangali district. Etchi Damien, sixty-six years old, sitting in front of his house, watches the cars go by on the main road that connects Digangali to the city centre. In front of Etchi, an artificial embankment that was built by him and other people from the small village where he lives. The artificial embankment made of sacks of earth managed to stem the flood. His house is located in one of the furthest points from the river where the floods have arrived.

Chad. N'Djamena. Near the "pont double voie" area where the Chari river is crossed by a bridge to connect the city center to Didangali district. In this area as in many others along the Chiari river, many Chadian people work and live thanks to the waters of the river itself. The river is rich in fish (main food) and the marshy areas offer the possibility of collecting brushwood used mainly to produce bricks for the construction of houses. Also, along the banks of the river, many people who work as washermen use the river's waters to wash carpets and towels. The flood blocked all these activities for a long time, bringing great discomfort to all those people and families who live thanks to the waters of the river.

Chad. N'Djamena. Guilmey IDP camp. Thirty-year-old Hadja Haoua Hamay, with her 3-year-old son Hamay Ramazon inside their tent. Hadja Haoua before the flood was a businesswoman. For her business she had borrowed money and now she is unable to pay this debt.

Chad. N'Djamena. Mielizi IDP camp. Inside the Mielizi camp, just outside the central area of the capital N'Djamena and a few meters from the bank of the Chari river. A little girl is returning to her tent after having been to drink water from the well in the field.